[Excerpts from the testimony of Nancy Altman and Alex Lawson before the US Senate Budget Committee, June 9, 2022. respectively President and Executive Director, Social Security Works]
“Thank you, Chairman Sanders, not only for holding this crucially important hearing on Social Security, but also for your just-introduced Social Security Expansion Act. That legislation, which will increase the economic security of working families, is extremely wise policy.
The Sanders legislation is consistent with recent Democratic Platforms and with President Biden’s stated position. It shares important provisions with a leading expansion bill in the House of Representatives, Social Security 2100: A Sacred Trust, which has 202 cosponsors. All of these proposals expand benefits with no cuts, while completely covering the costs of the expansions and addressing Social Security’s projected shortfall by requiring the wealthiest to pay more.
… [I]t is not surprising that none of the proposed legislation has Republican support in Congress. Nor have any current Republican members of Congress proposed any legislation that reveals what they would do to address Social Security’s projected shortfall. Instead, they hide their substantive views behind process. Senator Rick Scott proposes to sunset Social Security in five years without an affirmative vote. His colleague, Senator Mitt Romney, proposes a closed-door commission whose recommendations would be fast tracked and unamendable.
Democrats Stand with the American People — Who Overwhelmingly Favor Expanding, Not Cutting, Social Security
It is important to recognize that, though the Democratic proposals have no Republican cosponsors, they are completely bipartisan. Poll after poll has found that an overwhelming majority of Republicans, as well as Democrats and Independents, support Social Security. They believe that Social Security is more important than ever. They strongly oppose any cuts to its modest benefits. They want to see it expanded. They want the wealthiest to pay more but are willing to pay more themselves, if necessary.
America’s working families support Social Security so strongly because they recognize it provides insurance against risks to which all of us are vulnerable. Rich or poor, any of us can die prematurely, leaving young children. Rich or poor, any of us can suffer a disabling accident or illness. Rich or poor, all of us hope to live to old age. Social Security insures workers’ wages against all of those risks. It does so more efficiently, securely, universally, effectively, and fairly than its private sector counterparts. Social Security’s one shortcoming is that its benefits are inadequately low.
Whether to Expand or Cut Social Security is a Question of Values, Not Affordability
Expanding, not cutting, Social Security and restoring it to long-range actuarial balance is a question of values. It is unquestionably affordable. … Social Security’s cost as a percentage of GDP is close to a straight horizontal line for the next three- quarters of a century and beyond.
According to the most recent Trustees Report, Social Security is calculated to cost just 5.87 percent of GDP in 2100, at the end of the 21st century. That is a lower percentage of GDP than many other industrialized countries spend on their counterpart programs today, as the chart on page three shows.
Moreover, our nation is projected to be much wealthier at the end of the 21st century, just as we are wealthier now than we were seventy-five years ago, before computers, smartphones, and other technological advances. That means that the less-than 6 percent of GDP will be easier to afford in the future, just as an individual earning $100,000 can more easily afford a 6 percent expenditure (despite it being a larger dollar amount) than an individual earning $10,000. In one case, $94,000 remains; in the other, just $9,400.
Nor should the increase of just under one percent of GDP between now and the end of the century be difficult to absorb. To put that projected increase in perspective, military spending after the 9/11 terrorist attack increased by over one percent of GDP, as a result of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars—and that increase was the result of a surprise attack, with no advance warning. Similarly, spending on public education nationwide increased by 2.8 percentage points of GDP between 1950 and 1975, when the baby boom generation showed up as schoolchildren, without much advance warning….
Expanding Social Security is a Solution to the Nation’s Retirement Income Crisis, as well as Other Challenges
In the five decades since Congress last enacted Social Security benefit increases, traditional employer-sponsored defined benefit pension plans have largely disappeared. They were replaced by 401(k)s, which have proven to be inadequate for all but the very wealthiest.
The nation is now facing a retirement income crisis, where too many workers appropriately fear that they will never be able to retire without drastic reductions in their standards of living. Indeed, numerous polls and surveys over recent years reveal that not having enough money in retirement leads the list of Americans’ top financial concerns. . . .
The Center for Retirement Research at Boston College reports that one out of two working-age households will be unable to maintain their standards of living in retirement – even if they work until age 65, take out reverse mortgages on their homes, and annuitize all of their other assets. Moreover, the number of working-age households unable to retire and maintain their standards of living increases to over 60 percent when health care costs are taken into account. . . .
Unfortunately, the retirement income crisis is likely to require adult children to take resources away from their children in order to help support aged parents – unless Congress acts to expand Social Security.
It is well past time for Congress to vote on expanding Social Security. That is the most effective way to address the nation’s retirement income crisis. At the same time, expanding Social Security by requiring the wealthiest to pay their fair share will begin to address the nation’s perilous, rising income and wealth inequality, which former president Barack Obama called “the defining challenge of our time.” Moreover, expanding Social Security will ease some of the financial burden of today’s working families, squeezed between the older and younger generations.
Today’s Elected Republicans are Standing in the Way of Protecting and Expanding Social Security
From the beginning, there has always been a small radical group who opposed Social Security. Those radicals are now in control of the Republican Party. While today’s Republican politicians will not admit it, they support cuts. While they won’t admit it, Donald Trump pointed out the obvious during the Republican primaries, leading up to the 2016 election. He charged, “Every Republican wants to do a big number on Social Security…And it’s not fair to the people that have been paying in for years.”
Moreover, the Republican Party’s most recent Party Platform, drafted in 2016, states their desire to cut Social Security, but does so using opaque and coded language. …Republican strategists know that the benefit cuts to which the platform alludes are deeply unpopular with the American people. Despite the Party’s effort to avoid accountability, a careful reading makes it clear where the Republican Party stands.
The Social Security plank states that Republicans “believe in the power of markets to create wealth.” That is code for privatizing Social Security, a dangerous scheme that was resoundingly rejected by the American people when George W. Bush proposed it in 2005. It also states that “we oppose tax increases” which means that they oppose requiring the wealthiest Americans to contribute their fair share and want to see Social Security drastically cut or even radically changed instead. Since they state their clear opposition to increasing Social Security’s revenue, that leaves only two options to eliminate the projected shortfall: Automatic cuts (if they block action for the next decade) or legislated cuts. Moreover, the stated support of many Republican politicians for privatizing, means-testing, or reducing all benefits to a low subsistence level means they want to not just cut Social Security, but end it as we know it.
Finally, the Republican Platform states that “current retirees and those close to retirement can be assured of their benefits” which leaves the door open to cutting benefits for younger generations of Americans. This shows how out of step today’s Republican politicians are with the American people on this important subject.
While suggesting that Social Security is in crisis, the Republican Platform completely ignores the nation’s looming retirement income crisis. Indeed, they would make that crisis worse by cutting Social Security’s modest benefits for younger Americans who will need them the most.
Social Security does not need to be saved. . . . Rather, Social Security is a solution. If expanded, it would be even more so. . . .
It is important to understand that, because of the way Social Security is structured, raising Social Security’s retirement age by just one year is mathematically identical to a 6-7 percent across-the-board benefit cut. Moreover, it falls heaviest on those in physically demanding jobs who are unable to continue to work to the statutorily-specified age.
… [T]he TRUST Act . . .would create an undemocratic, fast-tracked, closed-door process to make changes to Social Security. Our Social Security system is too important to be addressed in this manner. Major changes have always gone through regular order and they always should. The only reason to go behind closed doors is to do what the American people adamantly oppose — cut benefits!
[I]n February 2022, Senator Rick Scott (R-FL) released his so-called “Plan to Rescue America.” This plan states that “All federal legislation sunsets in 5 years. If a law is worth keeping, Congress can pass it again.” It also states: “All Americans should pay some income tax to have skin in the game.”
Senator Scott’s plan would terminate Social Security and Medicare in 5 years unless Congress voted to reauthorize them. This would give far-right opponents of Social Security and Medicare enormous leverage over the future of the programs. They could refuse to reauthorize them, or only agree to do so if the programs are massively cut and fully privatized.
Further, Senator Scott’s plan would raise taxes on seniors. Seniors, living on Social Security, with incomes barely above the poverty line, appropriately do not currently pay income tax. That includes eighty percent of Americans over age 75. Under Scott’s plan, they would see their meager benefits in effect cut, because some of those dollars would go for Senator Scott’s tax increase.
A comparison of the Scott and Sanders plans highlights the difference between the Republican and Democratic Parties with respect to Social Security. The Sanders plan expands Social Security’s modest benefits; the Scott plan indirectly cuts those modest benefits. The Sanders plan increases the security of Social Security by requiring those earning over $250,000 to start paying more of their fair share. The Scott plan undermines the stability of the program by requiring it to be reauthorized every five years.
It is clear which plan the American people want. That explains why the Republican Party avoids offering substantive solutions. The Democrats are to be applauded for offering concrete proposals and insisting that Social Security be debated in the sunshine. Thank you.