Tag: Vaccine

  • Coronavirus: Real progress towards vaccine, but it still could be 18 months away

    Coronavirus: Real progress towards vaccine, but it still could be 18 months away

    The New York Times reports that the pharmaceutical company, Moderna, has tested a vaccine for COVID-19 on eight people, and it appears to be safe and effective. To establish that it works, however, Moderna will need to test it on thousands more people. Meanwhile Anthony Fauci, the top infectious disease person in the federal government says that, if things happen quickly, it will still take 12 to 18 months before everyone in the country is vaccinated.

    We will need to know a lot more about the Moderna vaccine before it can be made widely available. It could have harmful side effects. It could even make the disease worse. But, early signs suggest that it enabled the eight people who have received the vaccine to develop the same antibodies as are present in people who have had COVID-19.

    Even though Dr. Fauci, the head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, says it could easily take 18 months before everyone in the US is vaccinated, President Trump is claiming that a vaccine will be available by the end of 2020. His administration will allow pharmaceutical companies to manufacture the vaccine before the FDA has determined it is effective. It is partnering with pharmaceutical companies to find both treatments and vaccines for the novel coronavirus.

    Moderna is just beginning its second phase of trials on 600 people. And, it plans to begin its third phase in July on thousands of people. The Moderna vaccine could be approved by the end of the year, but it will be many more months before it is available to everyone. People will need two shots four weeks apart.

    One pharmaceutical company alone cannot create and manufacture a vaccine for everyone who needs it. We will need several COVID-19 vaccines to ensure everyone is inoculated. Pfizer and AstraZeneca, among others, are currently working on a vaccine as well. As for the vaccine’s cost, no one has yet established a price for a COVID-19 vaccine; it is the subject of much debate.

    Here’s more from Just Care:

  • Coronavirus: Drug companies uninterested in combating infectious diseases

    Coronavirus: Drug companies uninterested in combating infectious diseases

    As the COVID-19 crisis grows, Big Pharma is trying to position itself as the key to ending this pandemic. But drug corporations have been uninterested in fighting infectious diseases for decades.

    In this blog, we examine pharma’s deep disinterest in combating infectious diseases and why drug corporations are suddenly interested in working toward COVID-19 vaccines and treatments.

    Recent History: A Drop In Pharma R&D

    Drug corporations have substantially decreased their investment into treatments and vaccines for emerging infectious disease over the last decade. From 2010 to 2014, only six new drugs to treat antimicrobial infections were approved. That’s compared to years 1980 to 1984 when 19 new antimicrobial medications were approved. In 2018, only 1 percent of research and development projects were for emerging infectious diseases. In fact, of the twenty companies that spent $2 billion on research and development in the last year, only four have units dedicated to vaccine development.

    The lack of innovation from drug companies to combat infectious diseases was so concerning that last year the United Nations issued a report outlining the global infectious disease crisis we face without more innovation.

    Antibiotics and antivirals treat some of the world’s most deadly conditions, but they typically are only prescribed to patients for short periods, sometimes a couple of weeks or even a few days. They aren’t well suited for blockbuster sales. Instead, manufacturers are more interested in investing in drugs that patients take for long periods of time like cancer and chronic illness treatments.

    A similar trend is true for vaccines, which are essential to ending the COVID-19 crisis. Over the last 50 years, the drug industry’s vaccine research and development pipeline slowed substantially because pharmaceutical manufacturers know the market for vaccines is small compared to chronic illnesses. The very design of vaccines make the markets small as individuals receive vaccines typically once, sometimes two or three times, throughout their lives.

    Why is Pharma interested now?

    So why are pharmaceutical companies suddenly competing to find treatments and vaccines for COVID-19? Because the extent of the crisis and generous government incentives have transformed this pandemic into a business opportunity with minimal risk and tremendous profit potential.

    Profit Potential

    Not until it became clear that the novel coronavirus was highly contagious and spreading rapidly did pharmaceutical corporations direct attention toward developing a vaccine. As the death toll and geographic reach of the virus advanced, the pharmaceutical industry knew that whatever company brought a vaccine to market would be selling a product with dozens of desperate government purchasers and billions of terrified buyers.

    Though social distancing measures can slow the spread, drug companies know that stopping a pandemic of this proportion requires herd immunity — the phenomenon that occurs when a large proportion of a population has developed immunity to a disease. Since COVID-19 is extremely deadly, the safest way to achieve herd immunity is through widespread vaccination. Experts estimate that at least 300 million doses of a vaccine will be needed in the US alone. Even if all of those buyers require the vaccine only once in their lifetime, drug companies will see incredible profits.

    Minimal Risk

    With COVID-19, the US government has eliminated many risks that often dissuade drug companies from vaccine investments. By bankrolling research, sponsoring clinical trials, and eliminating all liability for drug corporations, American taxpayers are heavily subsidizing drug corporations’ search for a COVID-19 vaccine. In our previous blog, we outlined the key role that taxpayer funding is playing in ensuring effective drugs for COVID-19 come to market quickly.

    The truth is the pharmaceutical industry’s top priority isn’t public health; it is out to make the highest possible profit. So it has not directed sufficient resources toward vaccines or treatments for emerging infectious diseases even though a pandemic has been predicted for years.

    In the absence of reasonable pricing that accounts for taxpayer investments, the COVID-19 pandemic may provide an opportunity for drug corporations to turn minimal resources and risk into tremendous profits and leave taxpayers and patients footing the bill.

    [This post was originally published at patientsforaffordabledrugs.org. Ben Wakana is the co-author.]

    Here’s more from Just Care:

  • Coronavirus: Federal government should reconsider drug research incentives to prioritize public health

    Coronavirus: Federal government should reconsider drug research incentives to prioritize public health

    A new report from Public Citizen lays out the reasons for concern about the new coronavirus and the likelihood of future pandemics. In short, the US does not have a good system in place to develop treatments or vaccinations for these viruses. To address this problem, Public Citizen makes the case for changing the way our government incentivizes research and development so that the public health becomes the chief priority and not corporate profits.

    Over the last 20 years, we have now seen three different instances of coronavirus spreading around the world and causing grave harm to people. We had SARS in 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome. We had MERS in 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome. And, we have the novel coronavirus now.

    Government-funded research to develop tests, treatments and vaccines that protect against coronavirus disease is critical. And, the National Institutes of Health has been funding that research since 2002. All in, the NIH has invested more than $684 million in this research.

    But, we still depend on big Pharma for treatments and vaccines to protect against coronavirus disease, even though pharmaceutical companies have not been investing in this research to any significant degree, participating in just six clinical trials. We must stop relying on these for-profit companies to provide us with the treatments we need for novel viruses and infections. Even when they have treatments, we cannot count on pharmaceutical companies to provide them at an affordable price.

    Right now, to encourage pharmaceutical companies to undertake critical research, the US government gives them patent monopolies, allowing them effectively to set prices. The goal is to incentivize them to invest by promising that they will be able to secure a reasonable profit from a successful drug. But, instead, pharmaceutical companies with successful drugs use their monopoly power to drive drug prices sky-high and keep generics from entering the market. Moreover, they market their drugs heavily in cases where other less expensive drugs will provide better treatment.

    Our patent system induces pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs that can earn them the greatest profit–such as cancer drugs–rather than drugs that treat the greatest needs. Cancer drugs now have an annual average price of $149,000. It hardly matters to a pharmaceutical company that its new cancer drug does not deliver a better benefit to patients than other drugs already developed.

    Pharmaceutical companies can make killer profits if they focus on developing drugs to treat chronic conditions, often regardless of their safety or efficacy. A Government Accountability Report shows that the 25 biggest pharmaceutical companies brought in on average twice the profits as the biggest 500 companies!

    Vaccines and antibiotics, in stark contrast, are far less profitable than cancer drugs and drugs for other chronic conditions. One-time cures deliver less revenue than medicines that are taken in perpetuity. Put differently, developing drugs to treat infectious diseases is not a good business model. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies have few in the pipeline.

    In short, we cannot count on the pharmaceutical industry for treatments for infectious diseases and drug-resistant bacteria. So, what is to be done? Without new antibiotics, a U.K. report found that antibiotic-resistant bacteria could kill 10 million people a year by 2050.

    We must stop giving pharmaceutical companies monopoly pricing power on their drugs. The lack of available treatments for the novel coronavirus demonstrates that our research model is broken and that we need a new model. Perhaps the government should be manufacturing drugs as well as paying for research and development. Or, it should be giving licenses to whichever companies want to manufacture a needed drug in order to drive competition.

    We might also consider separating research costs from the prices charged for drugs in order to ensure everyone can benefit from needed drugs—an idea that enjoys support from some on the ideological right and the left.

  • Get your shingles vaccine

    Get your shingles vaccine

    If you had chicken pox as a child, you are at risk for shingles in your later years. And most people should get vaccinated against it.  It’s important for you to understand why the shingles vaccine can be so important for older adults.

    The CDC recommends vaccination for all individuals over the age of sixty, unless you have a contraindication, such as a weakened immune system resulting from a chronic illness, or you are about to undergo a transplant or you have severe allergies to any component of the vaccine, such as gelatin. Without the vaccine, the same virus that gave you the chicken pox can stay in your body for decades and re-emerge as shingles.

    The older you are when you get shingles, the worse it can be, so please get vaccinated. Shingles will cause you to get a painful rash that blisters and can last for weeks at a time. Other symptoms may include itching, tingling, fever and upset stomach. In some cases, shingles can affect your eyes, along with your vision.

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    N.B. There are two shingles vaccines, Shingrix and Zostavax. Talk to your doctor about which one better meets your needs.

    Here’s more from Just Care:

  • U.S. army poised to give Sanofi exclusive license to vaccine patents with no price restrictions

    U.S. army poised to give Sanofi exclusive license to vaccine patents with no price restrictions

    The U.S. Army has developed two patents for a Zika vaccine. Now, the Army is poised to give Sanofi, a large vaccine maker, an exclusive license to these vaccine patents with no price restrictions. If the government grants Sanofi this monopoly pricing power, the cost of the Zika vaccine could threaten the public health, along with state and federal budgets.

    According to Stat News, Sanofi has refused to promise to price the vaccine for Americans affordably or at the same level as what other countries pay. Yet, U.S. taxpayers have already invested tens of millions of dollars for the pre-clinical research, and the U.S. is currently doing the phase I trials. Moreover, the U.S. Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority already has granted Sanofi $43 million for phase II trials and an option for another $130 million for phase III trials.

    Senator Bernie Sanders, Louisiana governor John Bel Edwards, and others have taken this issue on. They want the Army to grant Sanofi a non-exclusive license to allow for price competition for the Zika vaccine. Alternatively, they propose that the government actively require reasonable pricing of the vaccine.

    The mosquito-borne Zika virus could spread across the U.S. And, millions of Americans may need it to prevent birth defects. With monopoly pricing power, Sanofi could charge so much for the vaccine that the cost eats up a large portion of federal and state budgets, keeps people from getting the vaccine, and threatens the public health.

    The Army’s initial proposal to license the vaccine to Sanofi exclusively was announced in the federal register in December 2016. Many organizations sent in comments objecting. Still, last month, the Army affirmed its plans to grant Sanofi an exclusive license to its patents in a letter to Knowledge Ecology International, one of the advocacy groups that objected to the exclusive licensing for the vaccine.

    Jamie Love of Knowledge Ecology International argues that under federal law the Army is required to ensure that Sanofi, the exclusive licensee to produce the drug, makes the drug “available to the public on reasonable terms.”

    The open question is why the federal government does not exercise its power to bring the Zika vaccine to market at a fair price, especially when the need for the vaccine is so pressing and the public health threat so great if the drug is unaffordable.

    If you want Congress to rein in drug prices, please sign this petition.

    Here more from Just Care:

  • Three reasons why a faith-based movement can help fix our broken medicines system

    Three reasons why a faith-based movement can help fix our broken medicines system

    When it comes to our medicines system, it is hard to overstate how profoundly broken it is.

    Here in the U.S., many of our neighbors, especially seniors, are forced to choose between paying for medicine or food.  Hundreds of cancer physicians recently wrote an angry public letter protesting the fact that one in five of their patients can’t afford to fill their prescriptions—not surprising, with the cost of cancer medicines now averaging over $100,000.

    Hepatitis C and prostate cancer drugs are so expensive that even insured patients go without the drugs they need. Insurance companies and government programs balk at paying pharmaceutical corporation mark-ups that can make a pill manufactured for $1 carry a $1,000 price tag.

    Meanwhile, the corporations that own the rights to those medicines are rolling in money. Some enjoy breathtaking corporate profits as high as 42 percent annually, with the industry’s average return on assets more than double that of the rest of the Fortune 500. Pharma CEO pay exceeds even the swollen average of other big corporations.

    No wonder, given the gold-plated business model of the pharmaceutical industry. These corporations grab government-granted monopolies on government-developed medicines, then sell the medicines—often back to governments, their biggest customers—at prices set at hundreds of times over manufacturing costs. When you hold a monopoly on a life-saving product, you can force the desperately ill to pay any price you name.

    As bad as we have it in the U.S., the crisis is even worse in many other parts of the world. I recently spoke with a South African mother who faces an early and unnecessary death. Neither she nor her government’s healthcare program can come close to affording the monopoly-protected breast cancer medicine that may save her. United Nations health officials estimate that 10 million people die each year because they don’t receive medicines that exist, but are unaffordable.

    Ten million people is more people dying each year than the entire population of New York City. Many of those who die are children whose families and communities couldn’t afford basic vaccine protection.  Many more suffer in unrelenting pain and misery, all because medicines cost too much.

    We can fix this system, and we can fix it soon.  Here are three reasons why a faith-based movement can help:

    1. The Time is Ripe. The medicines problem is no secret. People across the U.S. are well aware that the cost of prescription drugs is bankrupting families in their own communities, and putting a huge strain on state and federal budgets. Outrageous EpiPen price hikes and the greed of “Pharma Bro” Martin Shkreli are the high-profile symptoms of a diseased medicines system that features routine double-digit annual price increases on many necessary drugs.

    And people are angry. With huge majorities demanding a change in our medicines system. An ambitious California ballot initiative is aimed directly at lowering medicine prices. Patients and media are seeing through the corporate damage-control smokescreen of promised discounts and limited donations.

    The inability of the pharmaceutical industry to curb its own gluttony suggests that the corporate monopoly on life-saving goods carries within itself the seeds of its own destruction. Social movement history tells us that profound and widespread frustration with the status quo is a prerequisite for systemic change. With medicines reform, that first ingredient is already in place.

    2. The Solution is at Hand.  There are many social justice problems that can and must be fixed, but will take significant reallocation of resources to do so. Think of the refugee crisis, climate change, affordable housing. Comparatively, the medicines crisis offers an easy solution. There are already more than enough taxpayer dollars flowing into the system now to make essential medicines available to all, and still fund more and better research for new medicines.

    The U.S. government alone puts tens of billions of dollars annually into medicine research, and then pays billions more in monopoly markups on medicines—many of which were actually developed by that same government funding. For now, suffice it to say that current law allows the U.S. government to bypass the huge corporate markups, and save more than enough money in medicine prices to exceed pharma corporations’ claimed research investments.

    And that research can be far better targeted to discovering medicines we need. When we stop funding pharma’s eternal quest for the 7th copy-cat version of an erectile dysfunction drug destined for a billion-dollar marketing campaign, we will find the resources are available to do better—much better.

    3. Faith-Based Advocacy Can Put the Movement Over the Top.   There are already many wonderful access to medicines advocates and organizations, including the inspiring people behind Knowledge Ecology International, Médecins Sans Frontières’ Access Campaign, Public Citizen, Universities Allied for Essential Medicines, HealthGAP,  Treatment Action Campaign, and others.

    But all involved agree that a successful medicines reform movement needs to be strong within the U.S., since our government is the chief sponsor of toxic medicines policies both domestically and internationally. And all agree that the movement is not yet strong at the grassroots level in the U.S.

    That is where the faith community comes in. In the U.S. and beyond, our communities and politics are still significantly influenced by faith-based organizations and activists. History’s iconic social movements, including the U.S. civil rights movement, the labor movement, the anti-apartheid movement, et al., relied on faith-based organizations for grassroots organizing, outreach to new allies, and morally-resonant messaging.

    For our current faith-based organizations, access to medicines should be a natural priority issue. Virtually every congregation and creed embraces two principles that are at core of the access to medicines challenge: basic equity among all people rich and poor, and access to health care. Roman Catholic institutions alone provide one-quarter of the world’s healthcare services.

    So, at PFAM, our mission is to push access to medicines up to a priority spot on the faith-based agenda. Join us!

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    To urge Congress to put an end to allowing drug companies to set prices for medically necessary drugs and to put people at risk of going without needed medications, sign here.

    Click here for six tips for keep your drug costs down.